Training

5 Ways to Get Stronger Without Lifting a Weight

Training

Workout by: Cameron McGarr, C.S.C.S.

Few men believe it, but you don’t need barbells, dumbbells, or machines to build muscle; in fact, weight-training equipment often inhibits the process. That’s because it requires you to be in a specific location, which might explain why more men consider themselves runners than lifters. After all, running is the most accessible form of exercise—anywhere you go, there’s your gym. But learn a little bit about physics and the same can hold true for your muscle workout.

Consider the pullup: It’s the standard by which all body-weight exercises are measured. And even the most hard-core lifters will agree that there’s no better muscle builder for the upper body—with or without weights. The reason for its effectiveness: It takes full advantage of the scientific laws of motion and leverage, placing your body in a position that forces your back and arms to lift your entire body weight. Call it applied science at its finest.

Now imagine if all body-weight exercises were as challenging as the pullup. You’d be able to build muscle anywhere, anytime—at home, on the road, or even in a public park. Physical science makes it possible. So with that said . . . the Five Laws of Body-Weight Training.

The Longer Your Body, The Weaker You Become

The science: By increasing the distance between the point of force (your target muscles) and the end of the object you’re trying to lift (your body), you decrease your mechanical advantage. Think of it this way: An empty barbell is easy to lift off the floor if you grab it in the middle. But try moving a few inches in one direction and it instantly seems heavier—even though its weight hasn’t changed. The same is true of your body: Lengthen it and every exercise you do becomes harder.

Apply it: Raise your hands above your head—so your arms are straight and in line with your body—during a lunge, squat, crunch, or situp. If that’s too hard, split the distance by placing your hands behind your head.

The Farther You Move, The More Muscle You Work

The science: In physics, “mechanical work” is equal to force (or weight) times distance. And since your muscles and bones function together as simple machines—they form class 1, 2, and 3 levers—the same formula applies to your body. It’s the most basic of principles: Do more work, build more muscle. Of course, in a weight-free workout, you can’t increase force (unless you gain weight). But you can boost your work output by moving a greater distance during each repetition.

Apply it: Each of the following three methods increases the distance your body has to travel from start to finish, increasing not only the total amount of work you do, but also the amount of work you do in the most challenging portion of the exercise.

Hard: Move the floor farther away. For many body-weight exercises—lunges, pushups, situps—your range of motion ends at the floor. The solution: Try placing your front or back foot on a step when doing lunges; position your hands on books or your feet on a chair when doing pushups; and place a rolled-up towel under the arch in your lower back when doing situps.

Harder: Add on a quarter. From the starting position of a pushup, squat, or lunge, lower yourself into the down position. But instead of pushing your body all the way up, raise it only a quarter of the way. Then lower yourself again before pushing your body all the way up. That counts as one repetition.

Hardest: Try mini-repetitions. Instead of pushing your body all the way up from the down position, do five smaller reps in which you raise and lower your body about an inch each time. After the fifth mini-repetition, push yourself up till your arms are straight. That counts as one repetition.

As Elastic Energy Decreases, Muscle Involvement Increases

The science: When you lower your body during any exercise, you build up “elastic energy” in your muscles. Just like in a coiled spring, that elasticity allows you to “bounce” back to the starting position, reducing the work your muscles have to do. Eliminate the bounce and you’ll force your body to recruit more muscle fibers to get you moving again. How? Pause for 4 seconds in the down position of an exercise. That’s the amount of time it takes to discharge all the elastic energy of a muscle.

Apply it: Use the 4-second pause in any exercise. And give yourself an extra challenge by adding an explosive component, forcefully pushing your body off the floor—into the air as high as you can—during a pushup, lunge, or squat. Because you’re generating maximum force without any help from elastic energy, you’ll activate the greatest number of muscle fibers possible.

Moving in Two Directions is Better Than Moving in One

The science: Human movement occurs on three different geometric planes:

1. The sagittal plane, for front-to-back and up-and-down movements
2. The frontal plane, for side-to-side movements
3. The transverse plane, for rotational movements

Most weight-lifting movements—the bench press, squat, curl, lunge, and chinup, to name a few—are performed on the sagittal plane; the balance of exercises—for instance, the lateral lunge and side bend—occur almost entirely on the frontal plane. This means that most men rarely train their bodies on the transverse plane, despite using rotation constantly in everyday life, as well as in every sport. Case in point: walking. It’s subtle, but your hips rotate with every step; in fact, watch a sprinter from behind and you’ll see that his hips rotate almost 90 degrees. By adding a rotational component to any exercise, you’ll automatically work more muscle—since you’ll fully engage your core, as well as the original target muscles—and simultaneously build a better-performing body.

Apply it: Simply twist your torso to the right or left in exercises such as the lunge, situp, and pushup. You can also rotate your hips during movements such as the reverse crunch.

The Less Contact Your Body Has With the Floor, the More Your Muscles Must Compensate

The science: The smaller the percentage of an object’s surface area that’s touching a solid base, the less stable that object is. That’s why SUVs are prone to rolling, and tall transmission towers need guy wires. Fortunately, humans have a built-in stabilization system: muscles. And by forcing that internal support system to kick in—by making your body less stable—you’ll make any exercise harder, while activating dozens more muscles.

Apply it: Hold one foot in the air during virtually any exercise, including pushups, squats, and deadlifts. You can also do pushups on your fingertips or your fists.

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Dodging the Exercise Roller Coaster

Training, Weekly Motivation

Fun Workouts, No Matter Where You Are

— By Mike Kramer,

Have you ridden the Exercise Vortex? It’s the most popular fitness roller coaster of all time.

You go up, you go down. Fast fitness climbs are interrupted by burnout and steep drops in activity–until you bottom out and start another cycle. And in the end, you’re right back where you started. Half the time, it just leaves you with a headache. If you don’t like what you see, you can always get on the latest and greatest fitness coaster. But you’ll still be taken for a ride.

You can stay off the coaster and get into consistency. All it takes is a little planning–and a lot of fun. The key is to build an exercise program that’s not stale, boring or disruptive. Now–while you still have momentum–is the perfect time to set up some smart, convenient systems and motivating reminders. Here are some smart strategies:

Combine Exercise With Other Goals
Most exercise programs fail because they work against instead of with your current goals. Instead of competing for time, perhaps your goals could share it.

IDEAS

  • Read while on the stationary bike
  • Play with kids
  • Hold a work meeting at the gym or while jogging or walking outside
  • Work out or play sports with friends
  • Do a home workout while watching a basketball game or movie you want to see.

    Take Exercise Out of The Gym
    Which is easier to reschedule, a two-hour meeting or a series of five-minute chats? Take advantage of all those chances throughout the day to stay on your feet and stay active.

    AT WORK

  • Find a few sturdy, thick phone books and do some step aerobics.
  • Close your door and shadow box for a few minutes.
  • Lift 1-3 packs of printer paper in each hand. Curl them like weights or lift them over your head.
  • Jumping jacks. Simple, quick, and pumps you up.

    AT HOME

  • Get out the rake and shovel.
  • Try some gardening.
  • Walk to your neighbor’s house to visit instead of calling.
  • If you must watch TV, do a quick exercise during commercials.
  • Sprint – don’t walk – to the mailbox.
  • Walk up and down the stairs while on the phone.

    Create an In-Home Workout
    Smaller workouts can take the pressure off of those more intense visits to the gym – and without all that expensive equipment. Just 20 minutes a day is all it takes, which just happens to be the same amount of drive time you’d probably save.

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    4 Things Women Should Be Doing in Their Fitness Training—But Aren’t

    1 Comment / Training

    By Chelsea Bus

    If your workouts consist of doing light weights and steady-state cardio, you might be in for some bad news: These things alone won’t likely get you the results you’re after, say experts. To increase your fitness level, burn fat, and improve muscle tone, you’ve got to step up your game.

    Here are four things women tend to skip that can deliver serious results.

    1. High-intensity training.

    All that time coasting on the elliptical at a comfortable pace probably hasn’t done much for your body, says Panama-based trainer Belinda Benn, creator of the Breakthrough Physique home fitness system. In fact, the biggest mistake women make in their training is not exercising with enough intensity, she says.

    High-intensity interval training, or HIIT, is typically a 10- to 20-minute workout that alternates short, intense bursts of activity with moderate-exertion recovery periods. “High-intensity interval training  is the best way to improve your overall fitness, burn fat, and stimulate your hormones for a stronger body,” says Benn.

    How to tell if you’re training hard enough? Look to your body for clues, Benn says. Good indicators are sweating, increased heart rate, and lactic acid production (i.e., feeling the “burn”) during exercise. Moderate muscle soreness for up to a few days post-workout is also a good sign. “If you feel nothing,” Benn says, “you probably didn’t work out hard enough.”

    2. Heavier lifting.

    For most women, a typical weight-training session equals light dumbbell exercises, says Toronto-based strength and conditioning specialist Craig Ballantyne, creator of the Turbulence Training Program. But doing fewer reps with more weight—say, 8 reps per set with a 15-pound dumbbell, instead of 15 reps with an 8-pound one—will burn more fat, he says. Lifting heavier will also increase your strength and muscle definition.

    Start by swapping out your normal weights for slightly heavier ones, and gradually work your way up.

    3. Upper body workouts.

    Women tend to store body fat around the waist, hips, and thighs, so that’s where they typically focus their exercise efforts—neglecting their upper bodies, Benn says.

    But you can’t spot-reduce fat, and sticking with what’s easy can stunt your progress, says Benn. Because you may feel weak while attempting pull-ups for the first time, Benn suggests doing the hard stuff at the start of your workout, “when you’re freshest and feeling mentally strong.”

    “Focusing on underdeveloped muscles will improve the contours of your body,” Benn says.

    4. Training with a barbell.

    Think barbells are synonymous with back-breaking chest presses? Not so. “You can do a tremendous workout just with a barbell,” Benn says. “If you’re holding a bar rather than using two separate weights, it forces you to get your body  in sync.”

    Barbells are great for both upper- and lower-body exercises. Balancing one across your shoulders while doing squats, lunges, or walking lunges helps develop posture and balance, Benn says.

    If you’re flirting with a barbell for the first time, go as light as you need to. Even 10 pounds is a good start.

    Bonus tip:

    If you’re worried you’ll bulk up with any of these exercises, consider your body type. Benn says women generally fall into two categories: those who build muscle easily, and those who don’t. If you build muscle easily, she suggests emphasizing high-intensity exercises. If you develop muscle slowly, you’ll benefit from spending more time on heavy lifting.

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    10 Strategies for Successful Weight Loss

    Nutrition, Training, Weekly Motivation

    By: David Schipper

    The great ones have great strategies for success—Odysseus hiding in the Trojan horse, Ali using the rope-a-dope, Bugs Bunny dressing in drag.

    Your weight-loss strategy should be similarly inspired. Willpower alone won’t shrink your waist—you need facts and wisdom on your side if you’re going to maintain the resolve you showed in January.

    There are scientists who study weight loss so the rest of us can keep track of the important stuff, like spring training and Rotisserie drafts. These researchers regularly come up with good advice, the latest and greatest of which we’ve gathered for you. Pick a few tips, put them in your lineup, and get back in the weight-loss game.

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #1

    Weigh Yourself Often

    Time was, experts said to stay off the scale—it can be discouraging. But after studying 3,500 individuals from the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) who’ve maintained 60 or more pounds of weight loss for at least a year, researchers found that 44 percent weighed themselves daily.

    Unhealthy obsession? No, says James Hill, Ph.D., NWCR cofounder and director of the center for human nutrition at the University of Colorado. “They use it as an early warning system for preventing weight regain,” he explains. “If your goal is to keep your weight at a certain level, you have to have feedback to see whether you’re successful.”

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #2

    Turn Off the TV

    Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York recently determined that simply seeing food can trigger a physiological “feed me” response. In the study, visual food cues caused brain activity to jump by 24 percent—mostly in the orbitofrontal cortex, the area of the brain related to drive and acquisition. So a constant barrage of pizza-delivery ads on TV could test your limits. And don’t get us started on the Food Network.

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #3

    Pray the Fat Away

    Christian men who report feeling greater intimacy with God through prayer are more likely to be physically active than other men, according to research from Cornell University. “Studies have shown that those who have more social support move more, and being closer to God may give men that support,” says lead researcher Karen Kim.

    Another possible reason: “General religion in the United States encompasses theological teachings about the body as a temple, which may also lead to the consumption of a healthier diet and increased physical activity,” she adds. Amen to that.

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #4

    Beware Tastebud Betrayal

    “Hunger increases healthy men’s taste sensitivity to sweet and salty substances,” says researcher Yuriy Zverev, of the University of Malawi. This means vending-machine snacks (which come in two flavors: sweet or salty—coincidence?) will taste even better when you’re hungry.

    You could trust that you’d savor the flavor by eating only a small amount. (Right.) Or you could sidestep this land mine altogether. “Eat offensively,” says Katherine Tallmadge, M.A., R.D., a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association. “Eat regularly during the day to stave off cravings and the bingeing that can result.”

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #5

    Snack on Almonds

    Seventy per day, to be exact. That’s the number that people in a City of Hope National Medical Center experiment ate daily for 6 months, in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet, to drop 18 percent of their body weight.

    Study author Michelle Wien partially credits the satiety factor. “Almonds are a nutrient-dense food that provides healthful monounsaturated fat, protein, and fiber, which together contribute to feeling full,” she says.

    Go for whole almonds in their unsalted, raw, or dry-roasted state. Fifteen to 20 will do the trick for a quick snack. Try 50 as a meal replacement.

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #6

    Grab the Day

    Long summer days can help you lose weight. “The best time to start a diet is in May, because the days are very long, which makes your energy levels go up and your food cravings go down,” says Judith Wurtman, Ph.D., a nutrition researcher at MIT. “You’ll eat less and exercise more.” So if you get home and it’s still light, go for that run.

    Conversely, resolution-crazed January is the worst time to diet—the short days knock your serotonin levels out of whack, causing cravings. An Apollo Health goLite P1 lamp can help your body adjust to the dark days of winter.

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #7

    Pour a Bowl of Cereal for Lunch

    A study from Purdue University shows that eating cereal in place of meals helps you lose weight. Participants consumed an average of 640 fewer total daily calories and lost roughly 4 pounds during the 2-week intervention.

    According to study author Richard Mattes, M.P.H., Ph.D., R.D., the approach teaches portion control with a convenient, easy-to-use food. Stick to filling, high-fiber cereals, like All-Bran or Fiber One, and eat them with low-fat milk.

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #8

    Go Under the Needle

    When Polish researchers examined acupuncture as a diet aid, they found that people who got needled lost 10 more pounds and ticked 2 additional points off their BMIs compared with those who merely cut calories.

    Marie Cargill, a licensed acupuncturist in the Boston area, explains that pressure points on the body—mostly on the ear—work as a switchboard to the brain, triggering electrical pulses that suppress appetite. “The ear system is very effective for addiction treatment,” she says.

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #9

    Eat a Cow’s Worth

    Of dairy, that is. Reports of the benefits just keep coming.

    Recently, a University of Tennessee study found that people who ate a daily 1,200 milligrams (mg) of calcium from dairy lost an average of 24 pounds, or 11 percent of their total body weight. “When you don’t have enough calcium in your diet, you’re more efficient at making fat and less efficient at breaking down fat, causing a bigger, fatter fat cell,” says lead researcher Michael Zemel, Ph.D.

    Get the just-right amount by taking in two 8-ounce glasses of low-fat milk (699 mg), a cup of low-fat yogurt (338 mg), and an ounce and a half of cheese (287 mg).

    Weight-Loss Success Strategy #10

    Gamble on Yourself

    Take a cue from the poker craze and wager against a buddy to see who can shed the most pounds. “Men do really well when they make weight loss a competitive game,” says New York City nutritionist Joy Bauer, M.S., R.D., author of Cooking with Joy. “Have a 6-month and a 1-year check-in—none of that 2-week garbage.”

    Or try it in teams, as on NBC’s The Biggest Loser, and you’ll double the incentive—you’ll want to win the bet and avoid letting down your team. “Healthy competition can bring out the absolute best in people,” says the show’s red-team trainer, Jillian Michaels, owner of SkySport and Spa in Beverly Hills.

    She recommends that the team take on a swimming relay or a 5-K run. “That way, it’s not a scenario like ‘Who can lift the most?'” she says. “Losing weight is ultimately about better health. For $100, somebody might do a pulldown that’s way too heavy and end up tearing a rotator cuff.” It’d be a shame if, after you’d lost all that weight, you still couldn’t button your pants.

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    8 Workout Mistakes You Probably Make

    1 Comment / Nutrition, Training, Weekly Motivation

    By Olivia Putnal, Woman’s Day

    When it comes to working out, getting to the gym on a regular basis is only half the battle. The other half? Making the most of your time while you’re there. By paying closer attention to your form, routine, nutrition and more, you’ll be better able to achieve your fitness goals, not to mention avoid injury and weight-loss plateaus. Read on to make sure you’re not committing any common fitness flubs, and if you are, learn how to fix them.

    Mistake #1: Not Eating Enough

    Keeping yourself properly fueled is vital to a successful workout. Yvonne Castañeda, group exercise manager and private trainer for The Sports Club/LA in Miami, says that many times, when first embarking on a weight-loss journey, her clients skimp on meals. “Working out with little to no food in your system is like embarking on a 300-mile road trip with only a quarter-tank of gas,” she says. “Too often we make the mistake of thinking fewer calories will lead to optimal weight loss. But being properly fueled is essential to making the most of your training.”

    Solution: Eat a well-balanced snack that involves proteins and carbohydrates at least two hours before you hit the gym. Photo: Thinkstock

    Mistake #2: Not Resting Enough

    Chris Sims, a private trainer at The Sports Club/LA in Miami, emphasizes the importance of rest. He says not resting or working out too hard can be a very dangerous mistake. “Overdoing this healthy outlet can be detrimental to your overall health,” he says. “Working out seven days a week or even twice a day isn’t good for you—your body has to reach recovery mode in order to repair the muscles and help them develop.” If you overuse your muscles, you risk injury, loss of appetite and fatigue.

    Solution: Simple—get some rest! Working out three to four times a week is definitely sufficient when trying to meet your goals. On the days you don’t exercise, if you still want to be active, take the kids to the park, walk the dog or work in the garden. You can also maintain a healthy mindset by cooking nutritious meals for yourself. Photo: Shutterstock

    Mistake #3: Not Incorporating Resistance Training

    You might be intimidated by those huge weight machines and dumbbells, but next time you hit the gym just for the treadmill, reconsider. The benefits of resistance training are endless, Castañeda explains: “Resistance training helps build muscle, which in turn promotes fat burn, leading to a lower body fat percentage in the long run.” In addition to cardio, strength and resistance training are essential to getting in shape.

    Solution: Don’t be afraid to approach a trainer. That’s what they’re there for! He or she can demonstrate how to use the equipment and also discuss how to incorporate those types of workouts into your fitness plan two to three times per week. Photo: Shutterstock

    Mistake #4: Slacking on Technique and Form

    Many people have trouble figuring out the correct way to perform strength-training exercises. “It’s imperative to be smart when approaching a new fitness regimen that includes lifting weights over your head and pushing weight off your chest. You want to avoid injury at all costs,” Castañeda says. In addition, proper form is the key to making your workout effective.

    Solution: If you don’t work out with a personal trainer, feel free to ask them questions while you’re at the gym. Find out how many sets, reps and rests between sets you need. Trainers can also give you feedback on your form. Another great source is the Internet—”you can discover information on technique, form and effectiveness of different exercises for your body type,” Castañeda notes. Photo: Shutterstock

    Mistake #5: Not Varying the Types of Workouts

    We’re all guilty of falling into a routine. While working out is a healthy habit to have, not mixing up the number of reps and types of exercises is no good. “Sticking to the same routine for more than six weeks will cause your body to hit a plateau and you’ll no longer see the changes you saw at the beginning of your program. Your body, believe it or not, likes to be shocked, and putting it through new and challenging exercises is the best way to surprise it and wake it up,” Castañeda says.

    Solution: Make sure you vary frequency, intensity and repetitions. Another great way to get the most out of your workout is to try new things. Check out your gym’s schedule for cardio and strength-training classes that strike your fancy, and take advantage of exercise DVDs as well as websites, like Exercise TV. Photo: Thinkstock

    Mistake #6: Setting Unrealistic Goals

    Come the new year, it’s easy to think those holiday pounds will just melt away in two or three months, or that you’ll be able to run a half marathon in a couple of weeks. However, setting goals with big results in little time can quickly lead to disappointment. “Sometimes it takes years to put on a significant amount of weight and other times the weight can creep up on you in a matter of months. But when it comes to losing, it doesn’t come off quite as easily nor as quickly,” Sims says.

    Solution: When crafting your workout plan, set goals that are attainable and realistic. “This way there’s a better chance you won’t give up and won’t be disappointed,” says Sims. Photo: Shutterstock

    Mistake # 7: Not Stretching

    You’ve probably heard how important warming up and cooling down is, but the most important part of both is stretching. Castañeda notes that it’s vital to reward your body after a workout by stretching for at least 10 minutes to prevent soreness and promote recovery and repair. “Not stretching after your workout may cause uncomfortable soreness and impingements—consequences that will hinder the effectiveness of your next workout,” she says.

    Solution: Yoga is one of the easiest ways to incorporate stretching into your fitness program. “The poses will help you release a significant amount of tension in your muscles and will help you feel more relaxed,” Castañeda says.  Photo: Thinkstock

    Mistake #8: Not Completely Focusing on Your Workout

    It’s so easy to get distracted and bring work, family and other stresses with you to the gym. But Castañeda and Sims both emphasize the drawbacks of not concentrating on your workout. “Physiologically speaking, the force production in your muscles is not as great when you’re not thinking about the actual muscles and what they are meant to be doing,” Castañeda says. Not only is unplugging important for a successful workout, but it’s also a great way to unwind from everything else going on.

    Solution: Leave your worries in the locker room and “simply allow yourself five minutes to hit the ‘reset’ button,” suggests Castañeda. To clear your head before a workout, “sit down, close your eyes and breathe in and out for a few minutes. This will calm the central nervous system and promote overall relaxation, which in turn will allow you to dive into your workout and feel great,” she adds.

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